Cameroon Mask
Geneva Protocol
(b) Use of riot-control agents in situations where civilian casualties can be reduced or avoided. This use would be restricted to situations in which civilians are used to mask or screen attacks; ... [Read More]
International Narcotics Control Strategy Reports
US DEPARTMENT OF STATEBUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS MATTERSINTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL STRAGEGY REPORTAPRIL 1994AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST 409 Cote d'Ivoire 411 Egypt 413 Ghana 415 Israel 418 Kenya 421 Lebanon 424 Morocco 427 Niger 430 Nigeria 432 Saudi Arabia 436 Senegal 437 Syria 439 Tunisia 443 Other Africa 444 Algeria 444 Botswana 444 Cameroon ... [Read More]
Prosperity Paper No. 7
Under the TRIPS agreement, member countries are obliged torewrite national laws to make them conform to internationallyagreed norms for the protection of patents, trademarks,copyrights, industrial designs, trade secrets, and integratedcircuits (semiconductor chip mask works). It also broadens theareas of protection to include technological areas -- such aspharmaceutical products, computer software, and inventions andworks arising from new technologies -- that are not currentlyprotected in many countries. ... [Read More]
International Narcotics Control Strategy Reports
INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL STRATEGY REPORT, APRIL 1993US DEPARTMENT OF STATEBUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS MATTERSDEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 10047RELEASED APRIL 1993This publication is for sale by the Government Printing Office, Superindendent of Documents. Stock No.: 044-000-02370-9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYPOLICY AND PROGRAM OVERVIEW FOR 1992April 1, 1993In 1992, despite some setbacks, the international anti-drug effort gained further strength, forcing a highly adaptable international drug trade to shift tactics and operations. Under the leadership of the United States, more countries have joined the battle against the drug trade in earnest. Closer coordination between governments--particularly in training and police enforcement activities-- increasingly effective multilateral action against money laundering and essential and precursor chemicals, as well as continuing reforms of national legal regimes to meet the requirements of the 1988 UN Convention, have kep ... [Read More]
International Narcotics Control Strategy Reports
US DEPARTMENT OF STATEBUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS MATTERSINTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL STRAGEGY REPORTAPRIL 1994[DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 10145] TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARYPOLICY AND PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS IN 1993 1Political Will and Corruption 3Chemical Controls 4Money Laundering 5Demand Reduction 6United Nations 7Cocaine 8Opium and heroin 9Next Steps 12Methodology 14Status of Potential Worldwide Production 16Cultivation and Production Charts 19UN Convention signatories 22Country Summaries 27FY 1993-1995 FISCAL SUMMARYAND FUNCTIONAL BUDGET 60LEGISLATIVE BASIS FOR THE INCSR 62INTERNATIONAL TRAINING ... [Read More]
International Education Week Events and Activities
Northcentral Technical College (Wausau, Wisconsin, USA) - Northcentral Technical College plans a variety of activities for IEW. A highlight will be "Behind the Mask: The Spirit of a People," a photo exhibit on the Nicaraguan people created to celebrate the 35th anniversary of the Wisconsin/Nicaragua Partners of the Americas, Inc. The college will also hold a "Peace Pole Planting and Dedication" on November 15. A peace pole is a handcrafted wooden pole presenting the peace message, May Peace Prevail on Earth, in several languages, and is erected as an international symbol of peace. ... [Read More]
Money Laundering and Financial Crimes
IntroductionOverall anti-money laundering efforts in the year 2000 made progress across two broad fronts. The international community demonstrated its resolve to confront money laundering by showing a strong commitment to work collectively to address the problem while seeking to isolate those countries and jurisdictions that lack this commitment. In this regard, the year 2000 marked a milestone in international cooperation on fighting money laundering as the Financial Action Task Force (FATF)(1) publicly released a list of 15 countries and territories that were found to be non-cooperative in the international fight against money laundering. At the conclusion of its June 2000 plenary meeting, the FATF published a report that stated that these 15 countries and territories had "serious systemic problems with money launderin ... [Read More]
M) Money Laundering and Financial Crimes
As the tragic events of September 11 graphically demonstrated, crime has become global, and the financial aspects of crime have become more complex, due to rapid advances in technology and the globalization of the financial services industry. Modern financial systems, in addition to facilitating legitimate commerce, permit criminals to transfer millions of dollars instantly, using personal computers and satellite dishes. Only his or her creativity limits the criminal’s choice of money laundering vehicles. Money is laundered through currency exchange houses, stock brokerage houses, gold dealers, casinos, automobile dealerships, insurance companies, and trading companies. Private banking facilities, offshore banking, shell corporations, free trade zones, wire systems, and trade financing all have the ability to mask illegal activities. In so doing, criminals manipulate financial systems throughout the world. ... [Read More]
M) Money Laundering and Financial Crimes
In Somalia, there currently is an absence of regulated commercial banks. As a result, remittance companies are the primary conduits for moving funds into and out of Somalia. Although the overwhelming majority of these funds are used for legitimate purposes, a small percentage of transactions—sometimes labeled “black hawala”—mask the transfer of value for criminal purposes. The following is an example of how trade is used to provide counter-valuation for hawala1: A Somali trader buys commodities from Dubai for resale in Somalia. In order to finance the trade, the Somali trader contacts a local agent of a remittance company in Mogadishu. The trader gives cash to the local remittance agent. (Most transactions are dollar-based but other currencies are used as well.) A commission is charged for the exchange. The trader asks that the funds be transferred to his foreign bank account located in Dubai. ... [Read More]
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