Bosnia Education Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina (11/04)
The implementation of the Dayton Accords of 1995 has focused the efforts of policymakers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the international community, on regional stabilization in the former Yugoslavia. However, with the efforts to bring peace in Kosovo and Macedonia, donor resources for Bosnia and Herzegovina have diminished. Bosnia and Herzegovina's relations with its neighbors Croatia, Albania, and Serbia have been fairly stable since the signing of Dayton in 1995. The U.S. role in the Dayton Accords and their implementation has been key to successes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since the Dayton Accords were signed, over $14 billion in foreign aid has moved into Bosnia and Herzegovina, approximately $940 million of it coming from SEED funds. As stated above, this support has been key to the growth and revitalization of the economy and infrastructure in the republic. In addition to SEED funding, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) programs have been crucial to t ... [Read More]
UN Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina
On December 21, 1995, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1035, setting up the UN International Police Task Force and a UN Civil Affairs Office. These were brought together as the UN Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The UN Mission (UNMIBH) was created to help implement the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (also referred to as the as the Dayton-Paris Agreement). It was "under the authority of the Secretary-General and subject to coordination and guidance as appropriate" of the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina appointed to oversee the Agreements implementation. ... [Read More]
Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 1995 General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Dayton Accords) created the independent state of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), previously one of the constituent republics of Yugoslavia. The agreement also created two multiethnic constituent entities within the state: The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Federation) and the Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation has a postwar Bosnian Muslim (Bosniak) and Croat majority while the RS has a postwar Bosnian Serb majority. The Constitution (Annex 4 of the Dayton Accords) established a central government with a bicameral legislature, a three-member presidency (consisting of a Bosniak, a Serb, and a Croat), a council of ministers, a constitutional court, and a central bank. The Accords assigned many governmental functions to the two entities, which have their own governments, Parliaments, militaries and police forces. The Accords also provided for the Office of the ... [Read More]
Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 1995 General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Dayton Accords) created the independent state of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), previously one of the constituent republics of Yugoslavia. The Agreement also created two multiethnic constituent entities within the state: The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Federation) and the Republika Srpska (RS), along with the independent District of Brcko. The Federation has a postwar Bosnian Muslim (Bosniak) and Croat majority, while the RS has a postwar Bosnian Serb majority. The Constitution (Annex 4 of the Dayton Accords) established a federal democratic republic and assigned many governmental functions to the two entities, which have their own governments. The Accords also provided for the Office of the High Representative (OHR) to oversee implementation of civilian provisions. The OHR has the power to impose legislation and remove officials who obstruct the implement ... [Read More]
Undergraduate – Academic Exchange Programs – European Programs Branch
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
Religious education in Bosnia and Herzegovina is largely decentralized, as is the education system generally. The canton and entity governments and the Brcko District authorities have responsibility for education; there is no national education ministry or policy. Public schools offer religious education classes, but with the exception of Brcko, schools generally offer religious instruction only in the area's majority religion. In theory, students have the option not to attend, but in practice, students of the majority religion face pressure from teachers and peers to attend the classes. For example, the RS requires Serbs to attend religion classes but does not require attendance for Bosniaks and Croats. If more than 20 Bosniaks or Croats attend a particular school in the RS, the school is required to organize religion classes on their behalf. However, in the rural RS, there is usually no qualified religious representative available to teach religious studies to the handfu ... [Read More]
Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 1995 General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Dayton Accords) ended the 1991-95 war and created the independent state of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), previously one of the constituent republics of Yugoslavia. The agreement also created two multiethnic constituent entities within the state: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Federation) and the Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation has a postwar Bosnian Muslim (Bosniak) and Croat majority while the RS has a postwar Bosnian Serb majority. The Constitution (Annex 4 of the Dayton Accords) established a central government with a bicameral legislature, a three-member presidency (consisting of a Bosniak, a Serb, and a Croat), a council of ministers, a constitutional court, and a central bank. The Accords assigned many governmental functions to the two entities, which have their own governments, parliaments, and police forces. The Accords also provided for the Office of the High Representative (OHR) ... [Read More]
Bosnia-Herzegovina
The State Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the entity constitutions of the State's two constituent entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska, provide for freedom of religion, and individuals generally enjoy this right in ethnically mixed areas or in areas where they are adherents of the majority religion; however, adherents of minority religions in non-ethnically mixed areas have had their right to worship restricted, sometimes violently.There was no change in the status of respect for religious freedom during the period covered by this report. After a significant increase in 2001-2002 in the number of refugees returning to areas in which they constituted a religious minority, the number of returns sharply declined during the first 5 ... [Read More]
Reports, International Education Week 2001
The Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovian, together with the Bosnian Academy of Arts and Sciences, organized this roundtable to foster dialogue on scientific research in BIH and to strengthen links with academic and scientific institutions abroad, especially within the context of the Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe. In recognition of the impact of U.S. educational programs in Bosnia, the roundtable organizers invited the CAO to join Education Minister Mujo Demirovic and seven other international and Bosnian intellectual figures to preside at the opening. They also requested that an embassy official make the keynote address. ... [Read More]
Reports, International Education Week 2001
Recognizing the importance of enhancing connections with the Bosnian educational community and the promotion of U.S. education and the goals of international exchange, the embassy's Public Affairs Officer (PAO) delivered a keynote address on "America and BIH after September 11" to over 100 eminent scientists and scholars from Bosnia and Herzegovina and abroad at the opening of an international roundtable "Beyond the Second Millennium — The Waves of the Future" in Sarajevo on November 15. In remarks emphasizing educational exchange and the free movement of people and ideas, the PAO noted that over half a million foreign scholars and students are in the U.S. each year, "...contributing their experiences and enriching our society, even as they gain new skills and knowledge for their return home." At the same time, he highlighted the common fight against terror ... [Read More]
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